Flat carpet weaving mechanism
In the past articles, the division of carpet types in terms of weaving mechanism was mentioned (internal link) and it was said that Iranian handwoven carpets are divided into three categories based on the weaving mechanism: flat, semi-woven and full-woven. These three different groups in handwoven carpets are created technically and during weaving, and the most important factors that cause a carpet to be flat, tube or semi-tube include the following:
- The number and thickness of wefts used in each row of weaving
- The degree of stretch and stiffness of the thick fabric
- The way the threads are placed relative to each other, which depends on the previous two factors
In this article, we are going to examine the flat weaving mechanism in Iranian handwoven carpets in detail and with more details.
How is a carpet "flat woven"?
In the flat weave method, all the threads of the carpet are in a row and next to each other, and there is no cross between the threads. The reason for this happens is that this type of carpet does not have a thick weft and only a thin weft passes through the cheleis in each row. The weaver also passes the thin weft under and over the cross after finishing each row of weaving according to the tradition and method of weaving. This means that in each row of weaving, the same thin weft passes over the row of woven knots twice. Since the thick weft is one of the main reasons for creating a gap between the under and the upper threads, therefore, in the flat weaving mechanism, due to the lack of thick weft, despite the use of haf and koji wood, the distance between the skeins has disappeared and all the skeins are in a row next to each other. are placed together Because the thin weave does not have the necessary elasticity and thickness to create a gap between the threads. The hand-woven carpets of the Turkmen and Baloch clans are all included in the collection of flat-woven carpets. To beat the thin weft in this type of carpets, the weaver lowers the huff stick as much as possible so that the cross work is guided as low as possible near the woven row and the work of wefting is done more easily. It should be noted that wefting in this way requires the high skill of the weaver and is much more difficult than wefting carpets.
Key features of flat woven carpets
According to the weaving mechanism in the flat-weave method that was mentioned, the cross-section of all knots is out of the square shape and becomes rectangular, and this has a direct effect on the creation of broken motifs in the flat-weave carpets. This means that all the carpets that are woven with this method must have broken patterns (curved lines and rotating patterns in this method eventually become broken patterns). In fact, in the flat weave method, the width of the knot is greater than its length due to the juxtaposition of the knots, as a result, the cross-section of the knots becomes rectangular and becomes wider and beaten. That is why, in order to preserve the originality of Turkmen flat-weave carpets, all plans for Turkmen carpets are now designed in rectangular checkered houses. Another characteristic of flat-weave carpets is that, due to their weaving mechanism, flat carpets usually do not stay flat on the floor and gather.
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