Baba Heidar Handwoven Carpet

Getting to know the original Baba Haider carpet and its features

Baba Haidar city is one of the sparsely populated cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, which is located 45 kilometers west of Shahrekord (province capital). Baba Haidar is located on the slopes of Kalk and Salam mountains and Mount Tapu and the groove resulting from these mountains, cold weather in winter and due to the high altitude of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province from the sea level and settlement in the Zagros mountain range and the passage of the Doman river. "Ten" among this city, it has snowfall and high humidity in the mentioned season and it has moderate temperature and Mediterranean conditions in hot seasons. According to the local people, Haider Ibn Malik Ashtar was injured near the current Gujan and took refuge in this city, and for this reason, the name of this city was called Door Opened to Haider or Bab al-Haider, which was changed to Baba Haider over time.

The culture of the people of Babahaydar

The people of this city had maintained the practice of nomadic life until a hundred and fifty years ago - in a limited way and by maintaining a permanent house in the summer house. But over time and until today, this style of their life has changed and all the people living in the village have settled completely in the houses that were built for summer in this city. This has caused the nomadic style of Baba Haidar carpet to be forgotten little by little. But the method of carpet weaving and motifs used in the authentic handwovens of this region are still carried out according to the same ancient and nomadic tradition and culture. In the following, we will mention the most important features of the handmade carpets of this region.

Technical characteristics of weaving in Baba Haider's handwoven carpet

In the following, we will mention the most important technical and appearance characteristics of the handwoven carpets of Baba Haider region.

Raw materials and tools used in Baba Haider carpets

Carpet manufacturers in Babahaidar consider it necessary to use high quality materials and basic tools for weaving, because this naturally increases the quality of production. Baba Haidar region is one of the country's livestock breeding poles, which gives the Squirrel species of sheep with semi-coarse wool and fiber length of 30 mm. The basic materials of Baba Haider carpet weave include cotton and wool, among which cotton is used for the pile and two types of weft, and wool is also used for the pile and pile. These wools were originally spun by hand, but today they are used as machine spun. In many cases, using a garden broom removes fluff and soft lint from the carpet (as a preliminary cleaning and post-texture measures) and this causes a slight roughness of the carpet (caused by the remaining hair in the carpet fibers).

Weaving technique and its types in Baba Haider region

Of the two types of Persian and Turkish knots, only the Turkish (symmetrical) type can be seen in Baba Haider carpets. But in terms of the style of weaving, these carpets follow the semi-loop method, which in the semi-loop method, the distance between the threads is one thread diameter, the use of thick weft - one and a half to two times the diameter of one thread (and thin) is one fifth to one seventh of the diameter. It is a thread. Regardless of the method of knotting, in addition to pulling the weft threads in the horizontal direction and consequently placing the threads on two different levels, the weft is beaten so that the knot lines stick more and the carpet becomes firmer and stronger. In terms of appearance, the back of the carpet has an arc and a half knot, and it is wefted. This is in the case that due to the use of different daftin and more stretch of the wefts, the half-loop style has been changed to the half-loop method, that is, the half-loop method, but due to the weaving and beating, the change of the half-loop style to the woven loop can be easily explained.

Carpet weaving tools in Baba Haider

Persian knife and in some cases a hook or even a regular knife, daftin (carrick or dafte), comb and scissors are the tools of carpet weaving in Baba Haidar.

The type of knot in Baba Haider's carpet

The knots in Baba Haider carpet are woven by hand in Turkish style, which is symmetrical. Cutting the extra hairs is also done using a knife or a regular knife, which in some places is handmade by the men of Il. In many places, a piece of thin saw is used to draw the knots, and in other areas, the same knife is used for drawing, and usually Daftins or in the local language, kirkits are of heavy type with vertical handles that help to beat as many knots as possible. The final cut of the knots is done at the end of the weave of each row using normal scissors and in some cases with scissors with a longer blade length. The length of nodes is usually between 15 and 30 mm.

loom

Dar or ossification of Baft's work in Baba Haidar region, due to the nomadic nature of the people in the past, was used in a completely wooden and earthen way; But now, due to the alignment and the emergence of strong supports in the form of walls, the doors have been changed to a metal material in order to increase the quality of the texture and move much less.

chugging

In Baba Haider carpets, it is done in the Persian way using koji wood.

Rajshmar

One of the features that make Baba Haider carpets suitable is the common pattern in the carpets of the region. The number of knots or rows made in one unit of a small knot (7 cm for a symmetrical knot and 6.5 cm for an asymmetric knot) is called Rajeshmar. Baba Haidar carpet has a count between 15 and 25 knots in 7 cm, and in terms of patterns, the carpets of this region are completely geometric. In fact, the low index is directly related to the creation of geometric patterns in the fabric, and the patterns of low index carpets are inevitably geometric. The original designs of Bakhtiari region have remained in their originality with completely geometrical forms. The technique of tabko or tepe ko (in Bakhtiari dialect of Zabanan speakers) in some cases has caused the design to fall, but because these carpets are woven with a coarser weft than clay carpets and in a half-loop style, this technique has not been able to affect the mentioned carpets except for strength. put

Dimensions and proportions of Baba Haider carpet

Proportion is a mathematical concept that in the arts indicates the quality of the proper relationship between the parts of the work and the whole work. This principle expresses the harmonious visual relationship between the components of the artwork. The mold used for Baba Haider carpets is mostly rectangular. Square shapes, which is specifically considered here as rectangle, are shapes whose formation is based on certain ratios, which can be called the golden ratio. Al-Bozjani has also stated in this context and in the book of Iranian geometry: Surfaces that have a ratio between their length and width of one or two fluctuations are more attractive to people. Based on a division in the field of general dimensions, five types of carpets can be identified in Baba Haider region. These examples are as follows:  
1. Baba Haider carpets, which are usually 1.5 x 3 meters, 4 meters, 6 meters, 12 meters, 9 meters, and 24 meters. But not necessarily the rectangles that follow the golden ratio, but in some special cases, they distance themselves from the specific definitions of the dimensions of the carpet and become closer to Lori or Filabadi style.  
2. Carpet: the sizes of a cubit and a half (1.5 x 1.5) meters and a cubit and a quarter (1.8 x 1.2) meters.  
3. Curtain: In the past, these carpets were woven in the size of one and a half by two and a half, but due to the taste of the market, it was taken from the width of the carpet and added to the length of the carpet instead. Currently, curtain carpets are woven in this area with dimensions of 1.7 x 2.4.

Design and pattern of Baba Haider carpets

Most of the design of Baba Haider carpets have a lath structure and a fringe structure (one fringe in Fil Abad, a single vertical repeat in Hirgan and Omid Abad, etc. and finally two fringes in Baba Haider). The general pattern of carpet design in this region is located in the rural and nomadic areas of carpet production. The fact that this type of carpet does not have much variety in design can be attributed to the characteristic of rural-nomadic art, so that in this group of designs, there is no trace of branches and leaves, and there is no news of the use of round and curved flowers. On the other hand, it is used in a small shape but with a delicate curve, and in other places, despite the colorful and glazed tangerine, the lath is not used in the carpet. In fact, the original and old map of Baba Haider is such that, while maintaining the meaningful tang of the Shah Abbasi carpet, with a slight change, it gave it a geometric composition and completely distinguished its identity from urban carpets by using completely broken lines.

Final word

Baba Haider's hand-woven carpets are among the original and nomadic carpets woven in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region, and among the beautiful Iranian carpets, which have attracted many fans with the quality of their texture and raw materials, as well as their beautiful design and patterns. The patterns of the carpets in this area are geometrical and the colors of these carpets are also well-made and balanced like many woven nomadic carpets. Hand-woven carpet is one of the types of carpets with Iranian identity and authenticity, which is rooted in the climate, culture and beliefs of the artistic people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

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