Sabzevar Handwoven Carpet

Sabzevar handwoven carpet and its features

In this article, we are going to introduce Sabzevar hand-woven carpet and its characteristics, as one of the weaving centers of Khorasan province. But before that, we will mention the history of carpet weaving in Greater Khorasan and the introduction of its most important weaving centers. Stay with us as the content continues.

History of carpet weaving in Khorasan

Determining the date of the tufted carpet weaving in Khorasan is not known correctly and is usually vague. In 1961, the oldest piece of Khorasan tufted carpet that has been known so far was found among other textiles from the excavations of the city of Qoms, Khorasan. After conducting advanced tests at the Metropolitan Museum of New York on this piece of carpet, it was determined that it belongs to the Sassanid period, which has surprised all carpet experts. In addition, authentic historical books and texts such as Beyhaqi's history have also discussed the prevalence of carpet weaving in Khorasan and the description of Khorasan carpets. For example, in the history of Baihaqi written by Abul Fazl Baihaqi (385-470 AH), the number of gifts that "Ali Ibn Isa" from Khorasan sent to "Harun al-Rashid" is stated as "two hundred houses of carpets". Also, the famous traveler Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani (394-481 AH) in his travelogue, while passing through the city of "Firdous" in Khorasan, speaks of "four hundred looms".

Carpet weaving centers in Khorasan

The most important carpet weaving centers in Khorasan province are:  
1- Mashhad 2- Birjand 3- Kashmir 4- Tabas 5- Torbat Jam and Torbat Heydarieh (Baloch carpets of Khorasan) 6- North of Khorasan including Quchan, Shirvan and Bojnord 7- Nishabor 8- Sabzevar 9- Gonabad. In many articles, handwoven carpets of different regions of Khorasan have been introduced, and by referring to them, you can get useful information. But in the continuation of this article, we will introduce Sabzevar carpet.

Historical and geographical characteristics of Sabzevar city

The city of Sabzevar has been associated with many heroic stories of ancient Iran. For a long time, the square in the center of the city was known as the White Devil Square. In the Islamic period, Beyhaq province had two cities, Sabzevar and Khosrogurd, which were not more than one farsang apart from each other. Hamdollah Mostofi mentioned the wideness of its markets and its grains and fruits. This city was completely destroyed in the Mongol attack, but it was gradually rebuilt and became the capital of the Sarbadaran dynasty in 737 AH. Sabzevar city is about 654 kilometers away from Tehran. It is limited to Mianabad from the north, Neishabur city from the east, Kashmer city from the south and Shahrood city from the west.

Background of tufted carpet weaving in Sabzevar

The contemporary history of Sabzevar carpet weaving undoubtedly goes back to the years after 1300. It is said that carpet weaving started in the city of Sabzevar itself, and after 25 years, it became popular in its suburbs. Although some experts add the last two decades of the 13th century AH, i.e. the years 1280 to 1300, to this date. According to the research, carpet weaving was started for the first time by two brothers from Azerbaijan and according to a story by several Azerbaijani employers in Sabzevar. In general, a history of about 70 and maximum 100 years can be considered for today's Sabzevar carpet.

The most important carpet weaving centers in Sabzevar and its surroundings

At present, the most important villages active in Sabzevar carpet weaving are: Mij, Al-Balagh, Hossein Abad, Mehri Shani, Hisar Sohrh, Chah Sokhte Sangard, Hossein Abad, Shamkan, Deh Hosseini and Afcheng.

 Appearance characteristics of Sabzevar carpet

Design and color: In the years before the forties, the designs and patterns of Sabzevar area rugs were taken from the common designs and patterns of Khorasan province, especially the cities of Mashhad and Neishabur. Various types of shah abbasi lakh and tanraj, afshan and flower bouquet designs along with the famous underground design are among the most important designs used in old and modern Sabzevar carpets. Various designs of Nayin and Tabriz, as well as the famous Minakhani design, have been used by Sabzevar weavers for several years. Nain designs imitated by Sabzevar weavers are of modest quality and are often woven for commercial purposes; But the weaving of Tabriz carpet designs in this area is of high quality. Also, the Minakhani design is one of the recurring and beautiful floral designs in Iranian handwoven carpets, which has been welcomed by Sabzevari weavers for several years. Minakhani design is woven all over and consists of a wagireh (repeating pattern). The colors used in Sabzevar carpet often include garlic red (seed red), juniper, cream, green in dark and light tones, blue, navy and brown.  
Raw materials used: Currently, wool and cotton yarn are the only materials used in today's Sabzevar carpets, respectively, for pile, warp and weft. In some cases, such as expensive and light carpets, silk is used in a limited way for the white color around the flowers and straps. This technique, i.e. the use of white silk to surround the flowers, makes the flower motifs stand out in the text of the carpet, and this is due to the shine and polish of the beautiful silk fibers.  
Carpet dimensions: Large dimensions such as 6, 9 and 12 square meters are the most important and common dimensions of old and modern Sabzevar carpets. The texture of carpets with dimensions smaller than this is not common in Sabzevar.

Technical characteristics of weaving in Sabzevar carpet

Rajshmar: Rajshmar of old and new Sabzevar handwoven carpets varies from 25 to 35 rows. In fact, Rajshmar Farsh in Sabzevar is like many other weaving centers in Khorasan, including Neishabur and Kashmar. Therefore, the carpets of these areas are in the middle category in terms of fine texture.  
Type of knot: As we mentioned, carpet weaving was popularized by Azerbaijani masters in Sabzevar. That is why the knot used in this area is often Turkish or symmetrical.  
Shirazeh weaving: Sabzevar carpets are shirazeh after finishing weaving and have separate shirazeh. In this way, after finishing the work and lowering the carpet from the hanger, both sides of the Shirazeh carpet are twisted.  
Finishing and finishing: Sabzevar carpets are finished after weaving. But in some cases, skilled weavers also do this during weaving.  
Type of carpet: The carpet weaving machines in Sabzevar and the weaving centers around it are of vertical and fixed type.  
Type of weaving: Sabzevar handwoven carpets are woven using the Turkish method.  
Carpet weaving: Sabzevar carpets are woven in Persian style. In this way, at the beginning and the end of the work, 4 or 5 cm is woven using a thick weft made of white cotton. Rug weaving at the beginning and end of the carpet is done in order to maintain the integrity and strength of the knots and prevent the piles of the carpet from breaking during use.  
Wefting method: Sabzevar carpets, like many surrounding areas such as Kashmir, Neyshabur and Mashhad, are all two-weft type and currently tend to be loop-woven.

Designers and carpet manufacturers in Sabzevar

Haj Hassan Sufian, Haj Hassan Taghodsi, Sheikh Cheshmi, Haj Hassan Dadres, Gholamreza Cheshmi, Hassan Faizabadi and Hossein Faizabadi are among the most famous producers of Sabzevar carpets. In terms of design, the city of Sabzevar has never had a famous designer and the required designs are generally prepared from the cities of Neishabur, Mashhad and Kashmir.

Conclusion

Today's Sabzevar carpet is actually woven by imitating the motifs and colors of the surrounding areas such as Neishabur and Mashhad. It is also woven in Sabzevar, similar to Nain and Tabriz carpets. The carpets in this area are made of cotton and wool, and in rare cases silk is also used to decorate flowers. The price of Sabzevar hand-woven carpets also depends on factors such as dimensions, design, color and texture quality, but in general, the hand-woven carpets of this city are placed in the "reasonable price" category.

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