Yamot Turkaman Handwoven Carpet

Il Yamut handwoven carpets

Yamuts, with Turkmen and nomadic origins, are a tribe with the majority of the population in Iran. The quality of their weaves is better than other Turkmen clans and their numbers are very few in Turkmenistan and Afghanistan, while Il Teke are more numerous there. Yamuts can be found mostly in Jergolan and Bandar Turkmen and North Khorasan, Gonbad and Aqqola areas, which have very good designs in their handwoven carpets.

The most important designs of Ill Yamut

Shanghi Designs (Khoja Rashnai)

Rhombus and Khojaqabi are one of the most important designs of Il Yamut, and in this design, the carpet has a practical aspect and is woven in six or nine meters. The design of the Yamuti flower, which is rhombus-shaped, and the designs of Mari-Gol and Qara-Qocho, which is the same as the Salur flower, and is woven by the Jafarbai and Yamut clans, and the designs of the armband and sarouq are also among the designs of Yamuti.

Annecy plan

Ansi is known as the mother of the Turkmen carpet, because "Aneh" means mother in the Turkmen language, and Ansi means the mother of the carpet. Ensi is a Russian word in general. Ansi design does not belong to Iran, but it is woven by the Turkmen of Turkmenistan, which was brought to Iran after the revolution due to the beauty of the design, and its origin goes back to Turkmenistan. In fact, the general outline of Ansi's design is similar to a cross, which some consider to be the symbol of the Turkmen tent, due to the Christian religion that was prevalent in Russia. It is also said that this design is woven on two sides today, which was less common in the past.

Doro carpets in Ile Yamut

Two-sided carpets and the use of silk in them are special features of yamuts, the purest of which has been observed in the village of Dovidokh, located in Jorglan, North Khorasan. The use of silk in chelehdawani or the fact that Turkmen and Yamut carpets are all silk is one of the differences between them and Balochi carpets, which are made of wool.

Border in Turkmen carpet

In Turkmen carpets, there is a part at the beginning and end of the carpet called alam or shoulder, which can be seen only in Turkmen carpets, which can be its distinguishing feature from Balochi carpets. After the small border, there is a large border that has frames called shalfa (frame). It can be said that in most Turkmen carpets, there is alam and shalefe. After the borders, the text of the carpet can be seen, which has large marigold flowers and small flowers called aragle. In the Marigold motif, which is the foot of a baby camel, the foot of a swallow can be seen on the four sides of the motif, which is sometimes interpreted as a pig's snout, which is probably a non-Islamic motif. Regarding the small border of the Turkmen carpet, it can be said that every pattern that exists in these borders, the same pattern is repeated on the other side of the large border, and each carpet has a large border and does not exceed it, but the number of small borders It can be more.

Weaving technique in Turkmen and Yamut carpets

Weaving and wefting mechanism

Nomadic carpets in all of Iran are flat woven, and Turkmens are no exception to this rule and use a thin weft. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical knots can be seen in their carpets.

Kind and sloppy

Also, Turkmens use horizontal looms and weave by hand and do not use hooks, although recently in some cases they use vertical looms and hooks, and while they have preserved the originality, they have evolved it. Therefore, Turkmens also have large size carpets. In fact, horizontal looms are used to weave small carpets and rugs; But larger carpets (9 meters, 12 meters, etc.) are woven on vertical looms. Turkmens are also famous for weaving double carpets, and when weaving these exquisite carpets, they also use a vertical loom so that they can knit from the back and the top of the carpet at the same time.

The type of fiber used

In Turkmen's cheleh, sometimes the cheleh is made of silk; But in general, the raw materials in the weaving of this tribe's carpets, which includes warp and weft, are mostly made of wool, and goat hair is rarely used. The weft in Turkmen carpets is usually dyed burnt red. The main part of the fibers used in Turkmen carpet weaving is always wool, and the best type of sheep wool that is used belongs to the Iranian race and Teke tribe and is called Kharchin. Turkmen dye these high-quality local wool fibers using vegetable dyes. Among this tribe, carpet weaving is done by women and girls. Cotton is sometimes used for the thin weft in Turkmen carpets. Turkmens weave carpets of one weft (one pile) with a thin weft whose weft is made of cotton and their warp is made of wool, but of course the Turkmen of Mashhad and its surroundings are all silk and fine.

Color combination in Turkmen carpet

Lacquered, cream and black colors are used in old Turkmen. The old red was a little darker, but now instead of dark red (lacquered), the newly introduced copper color is used. Therefore, Turkmen copper (Ronas) and cream color are used in the new color scheme of Turkmen, based on the same color and old map, and black motifs are also removed. Therefore, the same old colors can be seen in the new color scheme of Turkmen, and only the lacquer color has given its place to Ronas. Of course, now chemical dyes have entered these carpets, which has reduced their quality.

Memory weaving of Turkmens

Turkmens are memorizing weavers, or in other words, mental weavers, in the sense that they read the overall composition of the plan from the map and weave its arrangement by memorization, what is left in their minds, so that only ten percent of the work is included in the work plan. They look and weave from it and do not have any dependence on the map to continue, and they can even use other geometric designs that belong to other places, including Baloch motifs. The geometric nature of Baloch and Turkmen designs can be another reason for their mutual effects, which can be easily implemented. It should be stated that the Baloch are also mentally skilled and have memorized maps due to repetition and do not need maps much. They have made the map with the type of paint used in simple language into a poem that can be easily memorized.

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